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婴儿和幼儿出生时耳聋或失明的早期产生难以察觉的单词
Erin E Campbell1,2, Charles P Davis2, Martin Zettersten3
1Wheelock College of Education & Human Development, Boston University, Boston, MA.
Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science
|April 11, 2025
概括
感官和语言体验塑造了幼儿早期的词语产生. 患有感官障碍或语言障碍的儿童发出较少的单词,特别是与他们的感官障碍相关的单词.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 早期的词语产生受到孩子的感官和语言经验的影响.
- 了解这些影响对于确定发育轨迹和潜在干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究视觉和听觉感官体验如何影响幼儿早期的词语产生.
- 检查语言获取 (早期与延迟) 在早期词汇发展中的作用.
- 为了比较患有先天性失明,聋和典型感官发育的儿童的语言生产.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自麦克阿瑟-贝茨沟通发展清单的家长报告数据.
- 在不同组中比较词语的产生:先天盲,聋,通常有视觉/听觉的幼儿.
- 在学习口语英语或美国手语 (ASL) 的儿童中分析了词汇,早期与延迟的语言访问.
主要成果:
- 幼儿在两岁之前就产生了抽象的词汇,但比具有可感知的参考词的词汇更少.
- 与有视力的同龄人相比,先天盲的幼儿产生较少的视觉单词.
- 与听力同龄人相比,学习美国手语的聋幼儿产生的听觉标志较少.
- 语言学习迟到的儿童在口语英语和ASL中总体产生较少的单词.
结论:
- 语言和感官体验显著塑造了幼儿的早期词汇.
- 感官障碍会导致与这些感官相关的词语的产生减少.
- 及时的语言访问对于跨模式的强大早期词语生成至关重要.
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