训练练习,比赛要求,以及精英足球队的变化
João Nuno Ribeiro1,2, António Ferraz1,3,4, Bruno Gonçalves5,6,7
1Department of Sport Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
Frontiers in sports and active living
|April 11, 2025
概括
全场训练练习对运动员来说比中场训练要求更多. 了解训练强度和可变性是优化足球运动员表现的关键.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 优化运动员表现需要深入了解各种训练练习所带来的身体要求.
- 将训练中的高强度活动与官方比赛进行比较对于有效的体育条件是必不可少的.
- 在不同的培训格式和匹配场景中,绩效指标的变化需要仔细分析.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较不同高强度训练练习的体力要求与职业足球中的官方比赛.
- 分析不同训练练习格式和匹配条件中的性能变化和可变性.
主要方法:
- 在西班牙职业足球队进行了一项观察性研究,持续了三个赛季.
- 训练和比赛会被分为中场 (20x20米),四分之三球场 (28x20米),全场 (40x20米) 练习和官方比赛.
- 分析了包括加速,减速和冲刺在内的外部负载指标.
主要成果:
- 全场训练练习施加了最大的外部负荷 (加速,减速,冲刺),而中场练习施加了最小的负荷.
- 在训练练习类别和比赛比赛中观察到身体需求和变异性的显著差异.
- 中场练习显示了最高的变化,而比赛条件显示了最低的物理需求变化.
结论:
- 训练练习的强度和可变性有很大的不同,全场演习比中场演习更苛刻.
- 与大多数训练场景相比,匹配游戏呈现出独特的,变化较小的身体需求概况.
- 通过平衡强度,可变性和上下文相关性来定制训练计划对于最佳的运动员准备至关重要.
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