一种分泌的虫微RNA抑制了先天免疫所需的胃肠细胞分化
Matias G Perez1, Victoria Gillan1, William M Anderson1
1School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Frontiers in immunology
|April 11, 2025
概括
寄生虫释放微RNA (miRNA),以逃避宿主免疫力. 一种特定的线虫miRNA抑制了肠道细胞的反应,通过操纵宿主通路来促进慢性感染.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 寄生虫学的寄生虫学
背景情况:
- 病原体使用免疫逃避策略来建立慢性感染.
- 寄生是擅长通过分泌的分子调节宿主免疫力.
- 微RNAs (miRNAs) 是细胞过程和宿主-病原体相互作用的关键调节者.
研究的目的:
- 研究一种特定的寄生性微RNA (miRNA) 在调节宿主胃肠道 (GI) 免疫反应中的作用.
- 阐明寄生虫miRNAs抑制宿主免疫力并促进慢性感染的分子机制.
主要方法:
- 对保存的胃肠道线虫miRNA (miR-5352) 的分析.
- 研究miR-5352对IL-13诱导的GI上皮细胞分化和细胞因子产生的影响.
- 识别miR-5352的宿主目标,包括Klf-4,IL-22受体和Wnt/Notch信号通路.
主要成果:
- 尼马托德miR-5352抑制了IL-13诱导的GI上皮细胞分化和细胞因子反应.
- miR-5352促进肠道干细胞的维持.
- 在机制上,miR-5352针对宿主因子Klf-4和IL-22受体,调节Wnt和Notch信号.
结论:
- 寄生性线虫利用保存的miRNAs,如miR-5352,来破坏宿主天生的免疫力.
- 融合进化允许线虫利用宿主miRNA网络进行免疫抑制和组织再生.
- 这种寄生虫策略为慢性胃肠道线虫感染创造了有利的环境.
相关概念视频
01:12Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.0K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.0K
01:23Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
2.5K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
2.5K
01:22MicroRNAs
2.9K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
2.9K
01:22Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.2K
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
2.2K
01:27Histology of the Small Intestine
307
The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
307