在怀孕和婴儿期化物暴露的健康风险和益处
Christine Till1, Philippe Grandjean2,3, E Angeles Martinez-Mier4
1Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
Annual review of public health
|April 11, 2025
概括
由于过多的化物摄入,社区水化 (CWF) 可能对幼儿构成风险. 有证据表明,系统性化物对于预防腔并非必不可少,可能会伤害孕妇和婴儿.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 儿科牙科 儿科牙科
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 社区水化 (CWF) 已成为长期以来预防牙损伤的公共卫生战略.
- 最近的证据质疑CWF的安全性,特别是对于婴儿和幼儿的安全性,理由是过度化物摄入的风险.
- 关于CWF的风险/收益比率存在全球辩论.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关摄入化物的必要性和安全性的证据,以预防虫.
- 评估社区水化对孕妇和幼儿的好处和风险.
- 讨论多个化物暴露源的影响.
主要方法:
- 关于化物有效性和安全性的科学证据的文献综述.
- 对系统性与局部性化物用于空预防的当代研究进行分析.
- 检查化物的潜在不良影响,包括牙科化和认知缺陷.
主要成果:
- 局部化物在预防牙损伤方面表现出强烈的有效性.
- 系统性化物的必要性和益处的证据,特别是通过CWF,较弱.
- 摄入化物对胎儿和幼儿的益处很小,并且对于预防虫并不是必不可少的.
- 过度摄入化物可以导致牙化和潜在的认知缺陷.
结论:
- 社区水的化可能会给孕妇和幼儿带来不利的风险/益处比,而这些儿童生活在多种化物来源的环境中.
- 局部化物的有效性已经得到了很好的证实,而系统性化物的益处不太清楚,并带有潜在的风险.
- 考虑到最新的科学证据和替代的化物输送方法,重新评估CWF政策可能是合理的.
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