在线教学实验研究中的动机理论和构造:系统审查和指导内容分析
Adam Gavarkovs1, Erin Miller2, Jaimie Coleman3
1Division of Continuing Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
JMIR medical education
|April 11, 2025
概括
在线学习设计显著影响学生的动力. 大多数研究都专注于让内容更具吸引力,忽视了其他关键领域,如相关性和自主性,这表明需要在卫生专业教育方面进行更广泛的研究.
科学领域:
- 教育技术的教育技术
- 健康 专业 教育 卫生 专业 教育
- 动机科学 动机科学
背景情况:
- 学习者的动机对于在线教学的有效性至关重要.
- 需要基于证据的激励设计策略来支持各种激励构造.
- 卫生专业教育需要量身定制的方法来激励在线学习.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析针对健康专业教育的在线学习设计策略中的动机构造.
- 在现有研究中识别经常被针对的和研究不足的动机构造.
- 为未来的研究方向提供信息,以提高在线学习者的动力.
主要方法:
- 从1990年到2022年8月,对多个数据库 (Medline,Embase,PsycINFO,ERIC,Web of Science) 进行系统搜索.
- 包括实验性研究,比较在线教学设计策略,以在获得许可的卫生专业中提供激励支持.
- 基于动机理论和有针对性的构造 (内在/外在价值,能力,控制,社会联系,自主性,目标) 的研究独立选和编码.
主要成果:
- 对46项研究的分析揭示了对内在价值观念的强烈关注,特别是兴趣和享受 (23项研究).
- 较少的研究涉及外部价值观 (9),能力/控制 (6),社会联系 (4) 或自治 (2).
- 不以动机理论为基础的研究不成比例地关注内在价值.
结论:
- 目前在健康专业教育方面的研究主要针对学习者对在线环境的兴趣和享受.
- 未来的研究应该扩大其范围,包括相关性,信心和自主性等构造.
- 开发这些研究不足的构造的策略将为教育工作者创造一个更全面的工具包,以促进在线学习者的动机.
相关概念视频
Incentive Theory: Pull Theory of Motivation
321
Incentive theory, or the "pull theory" of motivation, suggests that external rewards primarily drive behavior. Individuals are motivated to engage in activities when they anticipate a desirable outcome. This is why people often work hard for promotions or study intensively to achieve high grades. These incentives can be tangible, physical rewards such as money or promotions, or intangible, non-physical rewards like praise and social recognition.
The theory differentiates between...
The theory differentiates between...
321
Secondary Motives: Power Motivation and Achievement Motivation
83
Power motivation and achievement motivation are two essential social motives identified by psychologist David McClelland. These motives influence behavior in various personal and professional contexts, shaping how individuals interact with others and pursue their goals.
Power motivation is characterized by the desire to influence, control, or have an impact on others. It is shaped by an individual's experiences, social environment, and cultural context. People with high power motivation are...
Power motivation is characterized by the desire to influence, control, or have an impact on others. It is shaped by an individual's experiences, social environment, and cultural context. People with high power motivation are...
83
Metacognition
125
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
125
Motivational Cycle
388
The motivational cycle is a key concept that explains how individuals are motivated to meet their needs. At its core, the cycle revolves around four distinct stages: need, drive, goal-directed behavior, and goal achievement. These stages respond to imbalances in the body or mind, prompting actions that restore balance.
The cycle begins with a need. This need can arise from various conditions, such as hunger, thirst, or temperature changes. For instance, when an individual feels cold, their body...
The cycle begins with a need. This need can arise from various conditions, such as hunger, thirst, or temperature changes. For instance, when an individual feels cold, their body...
388
Introduction to Motivation and Emotion
210
Motivation is a multifaceted process that drives behavior toward fulfilling various physiological or psychological needs. This process involves initiating, guiding, and maintaining specific actions influenced by internal and external factors. For example, when someone feels hungry while watching television, hunger is a motivator, prompting the individual to get up, walk to the kitchen, and find something to eat. In this instance, hunger initiates and sustains the behavior necessary to meet the...
210
Purposive Learning
90
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
90


