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临床传染病咨询中的生成人工智能模型:专家和居民实习生之间的横截面分析

Edwin Kwan-Yeung Chiu¹, Siddharth Sridhar^1,2,3, Samson Sai-Yin Wong¹

¹Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 12, 2025

概括

生成型人工智能 (GenAI) 显示出临床微生物学和传染病 (ID) 的潜力,但目前的模型对于直接部署并不安全. 专家临床医生在识别有害的人工智能输出方面表现出脆弱性,突出了对人类监督的需求.

科学领域:

医疗信息学医疗信息学
医疗保健中的人工智能
临床微生物学和传染病

背景情况:

生成型人工智能 (GenAI) 具有增强传染病 (ID) 和微生物学临床咨询的潜力.
在现实世界临床场景中评估GenAI聊天机器人的性能至关重要.

研究的目的:

评估四个GenAI聊天机器人在临床微生物学和ID设置中的性能.
为了比较人工智能产生的反应的事实一致性,全面性,连贯性和医疗危害性.

主要方法:

一项涉及40个独特临床场景的横截面研究.
评估了四个GenAI聊天机器人 (GPT-4.0,自定义GPT-4.0,Gemini Pro,Claude 2),并进行了测试.
六名专家和居民实习生进行了盲目的随机评估.

主要成果:

在综合分数,事实一致性,全面性和没有医疗危害方面,GPT-4.0显著优于Gemini Pro和Claude 2.
专家们对人工智能反应的评价高于实习生,但也更容易受到潜在的有害结果的影响.
只有不到五分之二的人工智能产生的反应被认为是无害的,这表明存在重大风险.

结论:

临床经验影响GenAI输出的解释,专家显示出意想不到的漏洞.
目前的GenAI模型对于在微生物学和ID.无监督的临床部署是不安全的.
人类监督对于减轻AI在临床决策中的风险至关重要.

关键词:

人工智能的人工智能是人工智能.聊天机器人聊天机器人咨询咨询咨询咨询产生性的产生性.传染病是一种传染性疾病.大型语言模型微生物学的微生物.

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