在COVID-19期间,哈萨克斯坦司机和药物滥用:对模式和灾害准备的研究
Assiya Kussainova1, Almas Kussainov2, Laura Kassym1
1Department of General Medical Practice with a Course of Evidence-Based Medicine, NJSC Astana Medical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 12, 2025
概括
尽管事故总体减少,但COVID-19大流行导致哈萨克斯坦道路交通事故中的司机使用酒精和大麻素的数量增加. 对阿片类药物的使用有非显著的下降.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 药物滥用研究 药物滥用研究
背景情况:
- COVID-19 疫情对公共卫生和社会行为产生了重大影响.
- 增加的精神活性物质 (PAS) 使用与社会隔离,经济压力和疫情期间的不确定性有关.
- 了解司机在PAS消费中的转变对于危机期间的公共卫生和道路安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估COVID-19大流行对哈萨克斯坦参与道路交通事故 (RTA) 的司机的酒精,大麻素和阿片类药物消费的影响.
- 与大流行前时期相比,在大流行期间识别PAS使用模式的变化.
- 为公共卫生政策和道路安全战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 追溯横截面研究分析了157,490个参与哈萨克斯坦RTA的司机的匿名医疗记录.
- 数据分为COVID-19前 (2020年3月16日之前) 和COVID-19期间的数据.
- 使用SPSS 20进行流行率和相对变化的统计分析;用QGIS可视化空间分布.
主要成果:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间,交通事故减少了12.9%.
- 司机的酒精和大麻素使用量显著增加,分别为3.71%和11.51%.
- 阿片类药物使用量下降了10.00%,但这种变化在统计学上并不显著. 发现酒精和大麻素使用的区域显著增加.
结论:
- 随着COVID-19大流行和相关的封锁措施,哈萨克斯坦的司机改变了精神活性物质消费模式.
- 调查结果强调需要有针对性的干预措施和政策调整,以解决物质使用问题,并在公共卫生紧急情况下加强道路安全.
- 这项研究为未来的危机管理策略提供了关键的见解.
相关概念视频
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
410
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
410
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
150
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
150
The Availability Heuristic
5.9K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
5.9K
Stress and Mental Health
62
Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
62
Schemas
11.5K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
11.5K
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
35
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
35


