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相关概念视频

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

74
Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

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Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
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Clamper Circuit01:14

Clamper Circuit

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A clamper circuit, also known as a DC restorer, represents a specialized variant of the rectifier circuit, notable for its method of taking the output across the diode rather than the capacitor. This configuration lends to several distinctive applications, particularly in handling square wave inputs.
Within this circuit, the diode's orientation prompts the capacitor to charge up to the level of the most negative peak of the input signal. Upon reaching this state, the diode ceases to...
331
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

58
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
58
Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

189
A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be...
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LC Circuits01:21

LC Circuits

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An LC circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor, either in series or parallel. Consider a charged capacitor connected with an inductor in series. Before the switch is closed, all the energy of the circuit is stored in the electric field of the capacitor. When the switch is closed, the capacitor begins to discharge, producing a current in the circuit. The current, in turn, creates a magnetic field in the inductor. Because of the induced emf in the inductor, the current cannot change...
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Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
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低动时钟接收器用于快速定时应用程序.

Carl Grace1, Maurice Garcia-Sciveres1, Timon Heim1

  • 1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 12, 2025
PubMed
概括

本研究介绍了一种设计用于精密计时应用的新型时钟接收器和分配电路. 开发的电路实现了超低动性能,这对于4D粒子跟踪和PET成像等先进系统至关重要.

关键词:
模拟集成电路的模拟集成电路.高能物理学的高能物理仪器仪表仪器仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪表仪器仪表仪表仪表仪表仪器仪表仪表仪表仪器仪表仪器仪表仪表仪表仪表仪器仪表仪表仪表仪表仪器仪表仪表仪表仪表仪器仪表仪表仪表仪器仪表仪器仪表仪器仪表仪器低气的计时计时器医学成像医学成像定子发射断层扫描 (PET).时间到数字转换器

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科学领域:

  • 物理 物理学 物理
  • 电气工程 电气工程
  • 粒子物理学 粒子物理学

背景情况:

  • 精确计时对于先进的科学应用至关重要,包括4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,4D粒子跟踪,5D粒子排放.
  • 时间到数字转换器 (TDC) 的动性能从根本上受到输入脉冲采集和分配电路的质量限制.

研究的目的:

  • 评估和开发用于精密计时系统的低的时钟接收器和分配电路.
  • 设计和制造与辐射环境和冷温度兼容的电路.

主要方法:

  • 评估各种时钟接收器和分配电路设计.
  • 用电阻负荷驱动伪差分钟分配网络的差分放大器的制造.
  • 集成到三个原型芯片中:模拟前端测试台,TDC评估和低收益雪崩探测器 (LGAD) 读取.

主要成果:

  • 开发的时钟接收器和分配电路表现出低于2.25ps-rms的动.
  • 该电路使用28纳米CMOS技术制造,占据2288μm2的小面积.
  • 该设计显示了辐射耐受性和冷兼容性.

结论:

  • 制造的时钟接收器和分配电路满足未来精确计时系统的严格计时要求.
  • 这一进步对于提高高能物理实验,医学成像和融合研究的性能至关重要.