人形绘画的智商分数与韦克斯勒智商分数相匹配吗? 一个分开抚养的双胞胎研究
Nancy L Segal1, Patrick Scott1, Luc Matthews1
1Psychology Department, CSU Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA.
The Journal of genetic psychology
|April 12, 2025
概括
这项研究发现,在人类图像绘制智商得分上,基因影响很小,使用分开抚养的双胞胎绘制智商得分. 然而,基于绘图的智商与标准智力测试几乎没有实际关联.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 行为遗传学 行为遗传学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 人形绘画测试中的智商分数与标准智力评估之间的关系是心理学调查的一个长期领域.
- 虽然早期的研究表明绘画和运动技能之间存在联系,但最近的研究显示,与认知能力的相关性有限.
- 很少有双胞胎研究探讨了绘图测试得分的遗传基础.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究从人形绘图测试中获得的智商得分的遗传成分.
- 为了检查成年双胞胎分开抚养的绘画衍生的智商和标准智力测量之间的协议.
- 为了确定基于图纸的情报评估的遗传性.
主要方法:
- 利用了明尼苏达州对分开抚养的双胞胎研究 (MISTRA) 的数据.
- 分析了人形绘图测试中的智商得分和在单胞胎 (MZA) 和双胞胎 (DZA) 成人双胞胎对中维克斯勒智商得分.
- 计算了类内相关性,以评估双胞胎对中的得分相似性.
主要成果:
- 在MZA双胞胎 (ri = .31) 与DZA双胞胎 (ri = .02) 相比,绘图衍生的绩效得分的类内相关性显著更高,这表明基因影响很小.
- 绘制一个人的智商得分 (DAP:IQ) 呈现出类似的模式.
- 在绘图衍生的智商和韦克斯勒智商分数之间发现了一个小但具有统计学意义的相关性 (r = .15).
结论:
- 研究结果表明,在人形绘图测试中,基因对表现的贡献很小.
- 这项研究表明,绘图衍生的智商与标准智力指标之间存在有限的有意义或实际关联,这与之前对非双胞胎的研究一致.
- 人形绘图测试可能会捕捉一些与认知能力相关的遗传变异,但它们在评估一般智能的有用性是可疑的.
相关概念视频
Wechsler's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence
1.3K
David Wechsler, a psychologist who worked with World War I veterans, developed a significant IQ test in 1939 called the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. This test was innovative because it combined several subtests that measured both verbal and nonverbal skills, reflecting Wechsler's belief that intelligence is a global capacity involving purposeful action, rational thinking, and effective interaction with the environment. This test later evolved into the Wechsler Adult Intelligence...
1.3K
Biological Influences on Intelligence
46
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
46
Measures of Intelligence
5.4K
Psychologists measure intelligence by using standardized tests that produce a score known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. To understand IQ tests, it's important to recognize the key principles behind their construction: validity, reliability, and standardization.
Validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure. An intelligence test should accurately assess intelligence rather than another characteristic, like anxiety. Criterion validity is one way to evaluate this;...
Validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure. An intelligence test should accurately assess intelligence rather than another characteristic, like anxiety. Criterion validity is one way to evaluate this;...
5.4K
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
5.8K
Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence posits that intelligence is composed of three distinct but interrelated components: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.
5.8K
Binet's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence
1.2K
Alfred Binet, along with his student Théophile Simon, was tasked by the French Ministry of Education in 1904 to create a method for identifying students who struggled to learn through conventional classroom instruction. This initiative aimed to address overcrowding by placing such students in specialized schools. Binet and Simon developed an intelligence test comprising 30 tasks, ranging from simple commands, like touching one's nose or ear, to more complex tasks, such as drawing...
1.2K
Environmental Influences on Intelligence
138
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
138


