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温度和降水影响撒哈拉以南非洲地区的获取水时间负担

Abigail Harvey Paulos¹, David A Carroll², Julie Powers¹

¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA.

Nature communications

|April 12, 2025

概括

气候变化影响撒哈拉以南非洲地区的水资源供应. 增加的降雨减少了采水时间,而更高的温度则延长了时间,不成比例地影响了农村妇女和女孩.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
气候变化研究气候变化研究
水资源管理水资源管理

背景情况:

撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 超过75%的家庭缺乏当地供水,这给收集水带来了巨大的时间负担,尤其对妇女和女孩来说.
预计气候变化将改变降水和温度,可能会加剧南沙地区现有的水资源获取挑战.

研究的目的:

为了因果评估天气变化对家庭取水步行时间的影响,在SSA.
调查气候变化如何影响该地区收集水的负担.

主要方法:

在31个SSA国家中利用了来自979,759个观察结果的家庭调查数据的空间第一差异分析.
将调查数据与地理和时间相关的降水和温度数据 (7-365天周期) 合并.

主要成果:

降水量增加显著减少了获取水的时间;一年内每周降雨量增加1厘米,步行时间减少3.5分钟.
较高的温度增加了步行时间;每年温度上升1°C增加了采集时间的0.76分钟.
农村家庭比城市家庭更容易受到天气的影响,尽管农村的电力供应可以减轻这种影响.

结论:

未来在南沙地区的气候变化可能会增加获取水的负担.
整合农村SSA的电力和水基础设施可以帮助减轻气候变化造成的增加的采水负担.

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