在中国中年和老年人中发现糖尿病的危险因素
Shuzhen Ma1,2, Qianqian Sun3, Yanqi Xu4
1College of Public Administration, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China. msz20210607@126.com.
Scientific reports
|April 12, 2025
概括
中国成年人中糖尿病患病率正在上升,高血压和慢性疾病是关键的危险因素. 吸烟和酒精等生活方式选择增加了风险,而运动提供了保护,需要有针对性的公共卫生干预措施.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 糖尿病是全球重要的公共卫生问题,在老年人群中患病率越来越高.
- 了解不同人群 (如中国成年人) 的特定风险因素和趋势,对于有效的预防和管理策略至关重要.
- 中国健康与退休纵向研究 (CHARLS) 为分析这一人口群体的健康趋势提供了有价值的纵向数据.
研究的目的:
- 确定和分析与45岁及以上中国成年人糖尿病患病率相关的因素.
- 检查2015年至2020年糖尿病患病率的纵向变化.
- 调查糖尿病风险因素的城乡差异.
主要方法:
- 来自中国健康与退休长度研究 (CHARLS) 队列的数据分析.
- 总和子组人口 (城市/农村) 的描述性统计数据.
- 逻辑回归模型用于评估糖尿病和风险因素 (年龄,性别,吸烟,酒精,高血压,心理健康,运动) 之间的关联;对时间趋势的对样本t测试.
主要成果:
- 从2015年到2020年,糖尿病患病率显著增加 (P < 0.001).
- 确定了关键的危险因素:高血压 (aOR=0.447),慢性疾病 (aOR=0.024),吸烟 (aOR=1.220) 和饮酒 (aOR=1.125). 轻度体育炼显示有保护作用 (aOR=0.813).
- 城市地区的吸烟和酒精的影响更大;农村地区的高血压和心理健康障碍的影响更大.
结论:
- 年龄,性别,吸烟,酒精,高血压和精神障碍是中国成年人糖尿病的重要危险因素.
- 城市和农村人口之间存在不同的风险因素概况,需要量身定制的干预措施.
- 糖尿病患病率的上升凸显了持续的公共卫生努力和有针对性的战略的迫切需要.
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