成熟成长是否比训练参与更有影响力,在长度青少年体力表现发展方面?
Shaun Abbott1, Marie Javet2, Stephen Bested3
1Discipline of Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
European journal of sport science
|April 13, 2025
概括
对于青少年排球运动员来说,成熟状态,而不仅仅是训练时间,显著影响了体力表现的发展. 教练应该优先考虑技能获取,而不是在高峰成长阶段增加训练,以防止受伤.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类运动科学科学 人类运动科学
- 青年运动员发展 青年运动员发展
背景情况:
- 运动员的发展是复杂的,随着时间的推移受到多种因素的影响.
- 了解对发展的关键贡献者对于有效的指导至关重要.
- 青少年体育经常强调增加训练量,但其对成熟期表现的影响仍在争论中.
研究的目的:
- 检查训练时间和成熟状态与年轻男排运动员体力表现之间的纵向关系.
- 确定训练负载和生物成熟对绩效变化的相对贡献.
- 为辅导实践提供有关青少年发育期间训练强度的信息.
主要方法:
- 一项前性纵向研究追踪了78名男子排球运动员 (年龄11-15岁) 超过3年.
- 收集了关于每周训练时间,人体测量和身体表现 (例如,站立跳远,敏捷冲刺) 的数据.
- 利用线性混合模型 (LMM) 来分析训练时间和成熟度状态 (从峰值高度速度到几年) 对绩效的影响.
主要成果:
- 成熟状态,特别是其非线性相互作用,在解释身体性能发展 (SLJ,敏捷性冲刺) 中比训练时间更有影响力.
- 增加的训练参与并不总是与在成熟成长期间增强的体力表现益处相关.
- 成熟状态的进展更好地解释了绩效差异和发展轨迹.
结论:
- 在峰值高度速度 (PHV) 周围增加的训练量可能不会提高身体表现,并可能增加受伤风险.
- 教练应该考虑在显著成熟的成长时期优先考虑技术和生物机械技能的获取.
- 培训建议应与发展阶段保持一致,强调伤害预防和技能改进,而不仅仅是增加培训负载.
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