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妊娠年龄和儿童的认知发展
Samson Nivins1, Nelly Padilla1, Hedvig Kvanta1
1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
JAMA network open
|April 14, 2025
概括
适度早产与儿童的持久认知缺陷有关,即使考虑到遗传学和社会经济因素. 早产儿不会表现出这些认知障碍.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 过早和早产是认知障碍的已知的危险因素.
- 在高风险人群中,综合遗传学,产前风险和儿童特异性因素的全面研究是有限的.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究长期的认知结果在儿童跨越各种妊娠年龄 (非常早产,中度早产,晚期早产,早产) 与满期分娩相比.
- 在分析认知发育时考虑遗传和其他重大风险因素.
主要方法:
- 对5946名9-10岁儿童进行了前性,多中心,纵向的横截面研究.
- 认知评估包括NIH工具箱,小人任务和雷听力语言学习测试.
- 为认知表现 (cogPGS) 生成多基因分数;对SES,cogPGS和产前/儿童特异因素进行调整的等级回归模型.
主要成果:
- 适度早产 (32-33周) 与早产相比,与词汇,工作记忆和情节性记忆的综合认知得分和缺陷明显较低.
- 这些关联仍然很重要,并且独立于SES,cogPGS和其他风险因素.
- 在32周或更早出生的儿童的认知分数最低,而晚期早产和早产的结果与满期同龄人相似.
结论:
- 适度早产独立与儿童的长期认知挑战有关.
- 这些发现强调了对所有早产婴儿的持续监测的重要性,特别是那些出生在34周怀孕之前的婴儿.
- 早期识别和干预可能对于减轻脆弱早产儿群体的发展挑战至关重要.
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