传染病和食道癌症:一个全面的审查
Ahan Bhatt1,2, Hasan Musanna Zaidi3,4, Radhashree Maitra5,6
1Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
Cancers
|April 14, 2025
概括
诸如人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 等传染病体与食道状细胞癌 (ESCC) 有着密切的联系. 然而,对于食道癌中的其他病原体的证据仍然很弱,需要进一步的研究.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
背景情况:
- 食道癌,包括状细胞癌 (ESCC) 和腺癌 (EAC),是全球癌症死亡的主要原因.
- 虽然已确立的风险因素是已知的,但传染病原体在食道癌症病因学中的作用正在调查中.
- 了解这些关联对于制定有效的预防和治疗策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关传染病原体和食道癌症之间的关联的现有文献.
- 评估有关ESCC和EAC发展的各种病原体的证据的强度.
主要方法:
- 关于研究传染病原体和食道癌症的综合文献综述.
- 对每个已识别的代理物的证据的强度和一致性的分析.
主要成果:
- 人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV),特别是HPV 16和18,显示出与ESCC的最强相关性.
- 高风险HPV (hr-HPV) 和EAC之间的联系不那么有说服力.
- 甲状腺杆菌 (H. pylori) 是一种 杆菌 (pylori) 在EAC中具有复杂的,有争议的作用,一些证据表明它具有保护作用.
- 爱斯坦-巴尔病毒 (EBV) 很少与食道淋巴细胞癌相关;其他病原体,如HSV,多种病毒和Candida显示不同程度的关联.
结论:
- 目前的证据表明传染病在食道癌症中的作用很大程度上是微弱的,有时是矛盾的.
- HPV是最强烈相关的病原体,特别是在ESCC.
- 进一步的研究是必要的,以确认病因作用,并指导临床干预措施,以预防和治疗食道癌症.
相关概念视频
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management
27
Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
Clinical Manifestations:
27
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction
45
Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
45
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management
77
Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
77
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction
38
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
38
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management
20
Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
20
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management
27
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
27


