在过去的1万年里,战争既减少了,又增加了不平等
Mark D McCoy1, Jennifer Birch2, Shadreck Chirikure3
1Department of Anthropology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304.
概括
战争 战争 战争
科学领域:
- 考古学的考古学
- 经济史 经济史 经济史
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 关于战争是否增加或减少财富不平等存在学术辩论.
- 吉尼项目数据库提供了关于房屋大小的广泛考古数据,以探索长期的经济不平等.
- 调查冲突和不平等之间的关系需要分析历史的定居模式和资源的可用性.
研究的目的:
- 调查战争对长期经济不平等的影响.
- 分析防御工事定居点与全球多个地区的住宅差异之间的关系.
- 确定诸如治理和农业局限性等因素,这些因素调解了冲突对不平等的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用GINI项目数据库,对39000多个住宅单位进行了防御存在/不存在的编码.
- 在全球770个地区的坚固和非坚固的定居点中比较住房差异 (财富不平等).
- 分析了可以追溯到1万年前的遗址的数据,考虑了治理结构和农业约束.
主要成果:
- 发现有强有力的证据表明,冲突与财富不平等增加有关,特别是在缺乏集体治理和土地限制的社会中.
- 观察到的时期,特别是在早期时代,有保障的定居点比没有保障的定居点具有同等或较小的不平等.
- 这些早期社会往往有集体治理和劳动作为主要的农业限制.
结论:
- 战争对不平等的影响取决于背景,受社会结构和资源可用性的影响.
- 在早期的集体社会中,联盟建设可能会在冲突期间减轻不平等.
- 在较晚或较少的集体社会中,精英可能使用财富来保护财产,在冲突期间加剧不平等.
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