相关实验视频
在人道主义危机中处理个人数据和人工智能的伦理影响:范围审查
Tino Kreutzer1,2,3, James Orbinski4,5, Lora Appel6,7,8
1Kobo, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. tino.kreutzer@mcgill.ca.
BMC medical ethics
|April 14, 2025
概括
人道主义数据处理,特别是人工智能 (AI),引发了关于自主性,公益性,非恶性和正义的重大伦理问题. 迫切需要新的指导方针和研究来应对人道主义危机中的这些风险.
科学领域:
- 人道主义数据伦理学
- 人文援助中的人工智能
- 全球卫生数据治理全球卫生数据治理
背景情况:
- 人道主义组织越来越多地使用数据来提高运营效率.
- 现有的数据保护准则不足以解决人工智能带来的伦理风险.
- 本研究审查了关于人道主义数据处理伦理问题的学术文献.
研究的目的:
- 绘制人道主义数据处理中的伦理问题.
- 在人道主义背景下识别与人工智能 (AI) 相关的挑战.
- 为制定更好的数据保护准则提供信息.
主要方法:
- 自2010年以来发表的同行评审研究的系统搜索.
- 数据的标准化和将伦理问题分为自主性,公益性,非恶性和正义.
- 遵守阿克西和奥马利的框架和PRISMA指南.
主要成果:
- 从16,200个记录中确定了218个相关研究;66个讨论了AI.
- 22个伦理问题被分类;隐私问题被引用最多 (134项研究).
- 在超过一半的研究中,现实世界的例子为道德问题识别提供了信息.
结论:
- 在人道主义环境中处理数据会带来危害,有限的自主权和资源分配不公平的风险.
- 人工智能的兴起加剧了这些道德问题,需要新的指导方针和培训.
- 来自低收入和中等收入国家的实证研究对于包容性伦理框架至关重要.
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