家庭送餐计划中的核心功能和形式:以利益相关者为导向的方法来确定基本实践
Lisa A Juckett1, Kimberly P Bernard2, Melissa A Clark2
1School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Occupational Therapy, The Ohio State University, 453 West 10 th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. lisa.juckett@osumc.edu.
Implementation science communications
|April 14, 2025
概括
确定了必要的家庭送餐计划实践,以改善老年人的营养和社交. 标准化关键功能和形式可以在全国范围内提高计划的有效性.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 实施科学 实施科学
背景情况:
- 人口老龄化需要专门的计划,家庭送餐对于营养和社会支持至关重要.
- 当地餐饮计划实施的变化阻碍了对其对老年人的影响的理解.
- 本研究使用核心功能和形式框架来确定餐饮计划中可复制的基本实践.
研究的目的:
- 在家庭送餐计划中识别和优先考虑基本实践 (形式).
- 了解特定的程序实践如何影响老年人的健康结果.
- 为评估和改善家庭送餐计划有效性提供基础.
主要方法:
- 一个实用的随机有效性试验,比较了两种家庭送餐模式.
- 数据收集涉及美国各地的9个餐饮计划,使用现场访问,调查和倾听会议.
- 一个经过修改的e-Delphi流程与利益相关者确定了基于老年美国人法案的核心功能的基本程序形式.
主要成果:
- 确定了三个核心功能:减少饥饿/营养不良,提供社会化,促进健康/福祉.
- 在103个确定的程序形式中,25个被认为是实现核心功能必不可少的.
- 基本实践包括饮食定制,紧急用餐提供和客户导向的互动.
结论:
- 标准化核心功能和基本形式为评估家庭送餐计划提供了一个框架.
- 通过平衡标准化实践与当地需求,研究结果支持国家改进.
- 这项研究模拟了社区环境中复杂干预措施的特征,推进了实施科学.
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