在药物发现和开发中解决不平衡的分类问题,使用随机森林,支持矢量机,AutoGluon-Tabular和H2OAutoML
Ayush Garg1, Narayanan Ramamurthi2, Shyam Sundar Das3
1TCS Research (Life Sciences Division), Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Noida 201303, India.
本研究分析了不平衡分类的数据平衡技术,发现结合外部方法比内部方法更能提高性能. 建议探索多种技术,以获得机器学习和AutoML的最佳结果.
科学领域:
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
- 计算化学计算化学
背景情况:
- 阶级不平衡的数据集对分类模型构成挑战,往往导致少数阶级的预测不佳.
- 解决阶级不平衡的现有技术包括数据级,算法级和混合方法.
- 缺乏对这些技术在不同类比中的表现的全面分析.
研究的目的:
- 对不平衡分类的数据平衡技术进行深入分析.
- 通过使用机器学习和AutoML工具,对不同的类比来评估不同技术的性能.
- 为了比较值优化,内部平衡和数据平衡方法 (如SMOTETomek) 的有效性.
主要方法:
- 从三个药物发现数据集中生成了27个数据集,其中有9个类比.
- 采用随机森林 (RF) 和支持矢量机 (SVM) 作为机器学习分类器.
- 使用AutoGluon-Tabular和H2OAutoML作为代表性的AutoML工具.
- 评估的技术包括值优化 (GHOST,AUPR),类权重和SMOTETomek.等.
主要成果:
- 值优化没有影响排名指标 (AUC,AUPR),但类权重和SMOTETomek有.
- 机器学习方法 (RF,SVM) 和AutoML工具在F1得分,MCC和平衡精度方面显示出显著的改善.
- 随着类比的下降,性能改善通常会增加,峰值F1和MCC得分的比率为0.3.
- 结合外部平衡技术的性能优于内部方法,AutoML工具的性能与ML模型相比或更好.
结论:
- 没有一个单一的数据平衡技术在所有数据集中始终优于其他技术.
- 建议结合多种外部平衡技术,以获得最佳的不平衡分类.
- 与传统的ML模型相比,AutoML工具在使用适当的技术处理不平衡数据时,提供了竞争力或更高的性能.
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