多种远程测量量了遥远海洋保护区的当前和未来效率
Morgan E Gilmour1,2, Kydd Pollock3, Josh Adams1
1U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz Field Station, Santa Cruz, California, USA.
Global change biology
|April 15, 2025
概括
大型海洋保护区 (LSMPA) 提供了避难所,但往往不覆盖整个物种范围. 扩大保护区可以改善对面对未来气候变化的移动海洋物种的保护.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 气候变化科学 气候变化科学
背景情况:
- 大规模的海洋保护区 (LSMPA) 对于保护大型,流动的海洋物种至关重要.
- 然而,现有的LSMPA经常无法涵盖这些物种的全部地理范围.
- 评估LSMPA的有效性需要了解与保护区边界相关的物种移动和息地使用情况.
研究的目的:
- 评估帕尔米拉环礁和金曼珊瑚礁海洋国家纪念碑 (PKMPA) 对保护大型移动物种的当前和未来价值.
- 评估PKMPA和更广泛的美国的发展程度. 专属经济区涵盖了各种海洋动物的移动.
- 预测气候变化对这些物种在PKMPA和周围适合息地的影响.
主要方法:
- 在PKMPA同时追踪九种不同的海洋物种 (海鸟,鱼,海底鱼类,鱼,珊瑚鱼).
- 对PKMPA和美国的物种迁移数据 (n=83) 的分析. 专属经济区的边界.
- 开发物种分布模型,包括遥感数据和预测未来气候场景 (SSP 1-2.6,SSP 3-7.0).
主要成果:
- 美国PKMPA和美国专属经济区分别占追踪物种移动的39%和54%.
- 种类分布模型在PKMPA的73%内确定了非常适合的息地.
- 未来的气候场景预测,由于海面温度变化 (2040-2050年) 造成的初始息地损失,随后到2090-2100年恢复息地.
结论:
- 目前的LSMPA可能不完全涵盖物种的范围,强调需要更大的保护区.
- 预计适合息地将继续与PKMPA相邻,这表明扩大MPA大小可能会增强保护.
- 动物跟踪,遥感和气候预测的综合方法对于设计和监测全球有效的海洋保护区是有价值的.
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