立法是否有效地降低了与全地形车辆相关的伤害风险? 一个系统的审查
Natalie L Yanchar1, Olutayo Toriola2, Suzanne Beno3
1Department of Surgery, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada natalie.yanchar@ahs.ca.
概括
政府对全地形车辆 (ATV) 安全性的政策在减少伤害方面取得了有限的成功. 头盔法似乎是有效的,但专注于行业的设计变化为持续的安全改进提供了最有希望的途径.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 伤害预防 预防伤害
- 政策分析 政策分析
背景情况:
- 政府长期以来一直在实施法律和政策,以减少与全地形车辆 (ATV) 相关的伤害.
- 进行了系统审查,以评估这些立法策略的有效性.
研究的目的:
- 确定现有的法律和政策在减轻与ATV相关的伤害和死亡事故方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 对20篇同行评审文章进行了系统审查,遵守系统审查和元分析 (PRISMA) 准则的首选报告项目.
- 研究分析了特定的立法/政策干预措施与伤害发生率,发生率或严重程度的变化之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 年龄限制在减少儿科伤害方面表现出有限的有效性.
- 强制使用头盔与ATV相关死亡率的降低有关,尽管由于同时立法,隔离其影响具有挑战性.
- 关于汽车设计/工程的立法很少,一项美国联邦法令显示死亡人数暂时下降.
- 大多数针对个体行为的政策的影响有限,可能是由于风险感知.
结论:
- 许多ATV安全法规,不包括潜在的头盔立法,显示与减少伤害的关联很小.
- 专注于个人行为变化的政策可能不如通过设计和工程干预来解决行业问题的政策有效.
- 产业指导的政策具有更大的潜力,可以实现与ATV相关的损害的实质性和持久性减少.
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