早产婴儿的氨基酸和蛋白质:多少,用什么?
1University of Colorado, United States.
Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine
|April 15, 2025
概括
足够的蛋白质摄入对于胎儿和早产婴儿的生长和发育至关重要. 不足够的蛋白质会导致更差的结果,而过量的蛋白质不会促进生长,可能会有害.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 新生儿营养新生儿营养
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
背景情况:
- 蛋白质和氨基酸对于胎儿和早产婴儿的新陈代谢,生长和神经发育至关重要.
- 目前的理解表明,对于这种人群的最佳发育,特定的蛋白质需求是必要的.
研究的目的:
- 对胎儿和早产婴儿生长的最佳蛋白质和氨基酸摄入量进行审查和综合证据.
- 确定最佳的营养策略,以支持脆弱婴儿的正常发育.
主要方法:
- 文献综述和对蛋白质和氨基酸需求现有研究的综合.
- 分析了与蛋白质摄入量与平衡,生长率和瘦肉量增加有关的数据.
主要成果:
- 蛋白质摄入量 (每天3.0-3.5g/kg) 与实现正常的平衡和生长率之间存在直接的线性关系.
- 在更早的孕期,更快的生长需要更高的氨基酸和蛋白质摄入量.
- 每天超过120千卡/公斤的能量摄入量主要支持脂肪的产生,而不是瘦肉质的增长.
结论:
- 最佳的蛋白质和氨基酸摄入量对于胎儿和早产婴儿的发育至关重要,具体需求因妊娠年龄而异.
- 目前的配方奶可能需要为早产婴儿补充蛋白质.
- 需要进一步的研究来优化静脉注射氨基酸溶液,并探索生长因子的作用.
相关概念视频
Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements
414
Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
414
Overview of Protein Metabolism
867
Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
867
Protein Absorption
145
Proteins in the gastrointestinal tract typically come from food, but they can also originate from disintegrated cells or secreted enzymes. In the stomach, the enzyme pepsin breaks down these proteins into polypeptides. The fragments then move into the duodenum as a semi-fluid mass called chyme. Pancreatic proteases, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, and intestinal brush border enzymes like carboxypeptidases further dismantle the polypeptides into tripeptides, dipeptides, and free amino acids.
145
Protein Organization
137.0K
Overview
137.0K
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins
2.5K
Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70 chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
Most of the mitochondrial...
2.5K
What are Proteins?
14.2K
Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Proteins and polypeptides are interchangeably used to refer to long chains of amino acids. However, polypeptides have a molecular weight of fewer than 10,000 daltons, while proteins have greater molecular weight. Polypeptides with less than 20 amino acids are called oligopeptides or simply peptides. Interactions among the constituent amino acid side chains of proteins help them fold into a stable 3-dimensional...
14.2K


