对自闭症谱系障碍儿童错过的早期干预机会
1School of Behavioral Sciences and Education, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA.
概括
只有15%的患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的幼儿在两岁之前接受早期干预 (EI). 及时的EI与更早的诊断,更高的社会经济地位和较低的出生体重有关,这对发展至关重要.
科学领域:
- 儿科健康 儿科健康
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 早期干预 (EI) 对自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童在关键0-3岁神经发育时期至关重要.
- 对于许多患有自闭症儿童来说,在两岁之前参与EI服务仍然是一个重大挑战.
- 及时的EI可以改善ASD儿童的发展结果.
研究的目的:
- 确定与被诊断患有ASD的学龄前儿童早期参与 (2岁之前) 的EI相关的因素.
- 分析及时接收C部分EI服务的预测因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了2021-2023年国家儿童健康调查 (NSCH) 的横截面数据.
- 采用二进制物流回归分析.
- 检查的变量包括自闭症诊断的年龄,社会经济地位 (SES),种族,自闭症严重程度,生物性别,出生体重和发育迟缓 (DD) 诊断指标.
主要成果:
- 只有15%的ASD学龄前儿童在2岁之前接受了EI.
- 及时参加C部分EI的关键预测因素是:在2岁之前诊断ASD,高SES和低出生体重.
- 15.5%的未及时接受EI的儿童患有严重的自闭症症状,这表明急需改善接入.
结论:
- 显著的障碍阻碍了ASD儿童及时参加EI,特别是那些来自弱势背景或有严重症状的儿童.
- 改善接入的策略包括:扩大发育迟缓 (DD) 的定义,承认低出生体重作为C部分EI诊断,减少社会经济障碍,并加强ASD和DD的早期检测工具.
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