疫苗用于预防成年人患有固体瘤的感染
Caroline Hirsch1, Ana-Mihaela Zorger1, Mandy Baumann1
1Cochrane Evidence Synthesis Unit Germany/UK, Cochrane Haematology, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|April 16, 2025
概括
对疹 (shingles) 和COVID-19的疫苗在有固体瘤的成年人中显示出有前途,降低了感染率. 然而,局部注射部位反应在疹疫苗中更常见,而COVID-19疫苗可能会增加不良事件.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 在患有癌症的成年人中,感染是常见的并发症,因免疫抑制而加剧.
- 接种疫苗可以预防特定的感染,如流感和肺炎球菌病.
- 患有固体瘤的成年人可能对疫苗的免疫反应发生了改变.
研究的目的:
- 评估疫苗预防成年人患有固体瘤的传染病的益处和风险.
- 在一个易受癌症患者群体中评估疫苗的有效性和安全性.
主要方法:
- 随机对照试验 (RCT) 和对照干预的非随机研究 (NRSI) 的系统审查,截至2024年12月2日.
- 包括针对疹,流感和COVID-19的疫苗;不包括活体减弱疫苗.
- 使用Cochrane RoB 2,ROBINS-I和GRADE方法评估偏差风险和证据确定性.
主要成果:
- 疹疫苗显著降低了疹发病率 (高确定性证据),但增加了局部注射部位反应 (高确定性证据).
- 在未接种疫苗的人群中,COVID-19疫苗可能降低了COVID-19的发病率 (中度确定性证据),但增加了不良事件 (中度确定性证据).
- 对流感疫苗的证据非常不确定;没有研究评估了针对肺炎球菌,脑膜炎球菌或其他常见可预防感染的疫苗.
结论:
- 疹疫苗有效地减少了成年人患有固体瘤的疾病发病率,尽管局部反应增加.
- COVID-19疫苗显示出预防感染的潜力,但需要进一步监测不良事件.
- 对于这一群体中其他关键疫苗的证据存在重大差距,需要进一步研究.
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