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驼牛奶采集中的风险预防和质量控制:现场研究的见解
Hui Yang1, Demtu Er2, Yuning Liu3
1College of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 16, 2025
概括
对于小型农场来说,驼牛奶的安全性至关重要. 与机械方法不同,手动奶有污染和牛奶造的风险,需要对这个不断扩大的市场进行更好的质量控制.
科学领域:
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
- 动物科学动物科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 全球驼牛奶市场正在迅速扩大,增加了对生牛奶生产质量和安全保证的需求.
- 小规模生产商,特别是小农,在满足这些标准方面面临着独特的挑战.
- 中国海西等地区的传统做法需要与现代质量控制措施相结合.
研究的目的:
- 评估来自中国青海省海西小农场的原母乳的质量和安全风险.
- 调查奶制方法 (手工或机械) 和养殖系统 (放牧或半密集) 对牛奶质量的影响.
- 开发一个文化适应性质量评估框架,用于小规模的驼牛奶生产.
主要方法:
- 用DNA测试和微生物测试分析了80个原始驼奶样本.
- 评估营养含量 (维生素,矿物质,灰).
- 制定一个质量评估框架,整合传统知识和诊断工具.
主要成果:
- 66.67%的手动奶样本显示牛奶造,明显高于机械加工样本 (p < 0.05).
- 手动奶与较高的微生物计数 (高达2.05 × 10^4 CFU/mL) 和体细胞水平相关,表明卫生状况不佳.
- 牧场系统产生的牛奶富含维生素A,B2和;半密集型系统的灰含量更高.
结论:
- 实施机械化和冷链改进可以显著减少造和微生物污染.
- 社区培训和文化敏感的质量控制对于标准化驼牛奶生产至关重要.
- 开发的框架支持消费者健康,农村生计和市场标准化.
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