哺乳和婴儿和儿童的健康结果:一个系统的审查
Carrie D Patnode1, Nora B Henrikson2, Elizabeth M Webber1
1Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR.
Pediatrics
|April 16, 2025
概括
哺乳与许多婴儿和儿童健康问题的风险降低有关,包括感染,过敏和慢性疾病. 需要进一步的研究来解决研究的局限性,并确认这些好处.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 对母乳养对婴儿健康的影响的不断发展的理解需要持续审查科学证据.
- 人母奶的消费为婴儿的发育和福祉提供了特定的好处.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查现有的关于母乳养与各种儿童健康结果之间的关联的文献.
- 综合现有系统性审查和最近的主要研究的发现.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL) 进行了系统的文献搜索,从2006年到2024年8月搜索英语文章.
- 包括现有的系统性审查和主要研究,重点关注发达国家的婴儿,将母乳养暴露与儿童健康结果进行比较.
- 提取和综合了研究设计,人口统计,母乳养细节和健康结果的数据.
主要成果:
- 对29项现有系统性审查和145项初级研究的分析显示,母乳养与多种疾病风险降低之间存在显著联系.
- 对呼吸道和胃肠道感染,中耳炎,过敏,喘,炎症性肠病,1型糖尿病,肥胖和婴儿死亡率观察到有益的关联.
- 没有特定的母乳养时间值被确定为普遍最有益的,关于母乳养方式和来源的数据是有限的.
结论:
- 哺乳显示出明显的关联与几个婴儿和儿童健康状况的积极结果.
- 观察性研究的局限性,包括混因素和不一致的报告,突出了进一步高质量的研究的需要.
- 为了完善国家母乳养指南和公共卫生倡议,继续进行研究至关重要.
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