医院感染预防中的人工智能:综合性审查
Rabie Adel El Arab1, Zainab Almoosa2, May Alkhunaizi1,3
1Almoosa College of Health Sciences, Al Mubarraz, Saudi Arabia.
人工智能 (AI) 显著改善了医院获得感染 (HAI) 的预防和管理,并具有很高的准确性. 在培训,成本和整合方面仍然存在挑战,但人工智能为患者安全提供了变革性的方法.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健信息学 医疗保健信息学
- 医疗人工智能 医疗人工智能
- 感染控制技术 感染控制技术
背景情况:
- 医院感染 (HAI) 对患者安全和医疗保健经济构成重大挑战.
- 人工智能 (AI) 是通过先进的预测分析来增强HAI预防策略的一个有希望的途径.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估人工智能模型在预防,检测和管理HAI中的有效性,可用性和实施挑战.
主要方法:
- 一个综合性综述,综合了42项研究的发现,遵守了SPIDER框架.
- 使用TRIPOD检查清单进行预测性研究和AMSTAR 2进行审查,对包含的研究进行质量评估.
主要成果:
- 人工智能模型对于各种HAI,特别是手术部位和尿路感染,具有很高的预测准确性 (AUC>0.80).
- 与电子健康记录集成的深度学习和机器学习算法改善了实时监控和干预;非实时模型在资源有限的环境中提供了可扩展性.
- 人工智能增强了抗菌药物管理,在监测和手部卫生遵守方面优于传统方法,尽管临床医师培训和整合成本是已知的障碍.
结论:
- 人工智能集成为HAI预防和管理提供了变革性的潜力,需要标准化验证和用户友好的接口才能被采用.
- 通过培训,透明报告和可解释的AI (XAI) 来解决实施挑战,对于无集成和增强患者安全至关重要.
- 多中心合作和外部验证对于在各种医疗保健环境中保持一致的AI模型性能至关重要,非实时AI为LMICs提供可扩展的解决方案.
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