与无效推理的冲突检测:所有启发式,没有逻辑逻辑
Veronika Kosourikhina1, Simon J Handley2
1School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia. veronika.kosourikhina@hdr.mq.edu.au.
Memory & cognition
|April 17, 2025
概括
在推理中检测冲突是反思性思维的关键. 这项研究表明,修辞推理中明显的"反向"效应源于主观的,而不是客观的,启发式反应之间的冲突.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 人类的推理.
- 决策 决策 决策 决策 决策
背景情况:
- 在推理过程中进行反思性思维,发现信念与逻辑之间的冲突至关重要.
- 当前的模型解释了冲突检测,但与"反向"检测效应扎,这种效应在修辞推理中观察到.
- 这些"逆"效应挑战了现有的框架,不能仅仅归因于测量错误.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查是否"反向"冲突检测效应在无效的断言论源于预期和实际冲突位置之间的不匹配.
- 为了确定主观有效性是否会影响叙述逻辑推理任务中的冲突检测.
主要方法:
- 对248名参与者进行了两项实验,分析了修辞逻辑推理.
- 检查了对有效和无效的叙论的反应时间和信心等级.
- 通过将无效项目视为主观有效来识别主观冲突点来评估冲突检测.
主要成果:
- 许多参与者认为无效的AC和DA语法是直观有效的.
- 在控制可信度和响应时,在有效和无效项目之间没有发现反应时间或信心的显著差异.
- 在考虑参与者的主观有效性判断时,对无效项目的"反向"检测效应消失了.
结论:
- 修辞推理中的冲突很可能来自于两个启发式反应之间的相互作用,而不是逻辑和启发式之间的相互作用.
- 在测量这些任务中的冲突检测时,主观冲突,而不是客观逻辑冲突,是更相关的因素.
- 为了准确理解推理过程,需要修改当前的模型,以纳入主观冲突.
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