关于人工智能的存在性风险叙述不会分散人们的注意力,而不是从其直接的危害中转移注意力
1Department of Political Science, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland.
概括
人工智能 (AI) 风险的担忧很高,但人们优先考虑直接的社会伤害,而不是投机性的生存威胁. 专注于人工智能的未来危险并不能减少人们对当前人工智能风险 (如偏见) 的担忧.
科学领域:
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 风险分析 风险分析
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 存在多方面的风险,关于其性质和紧迫性的争论正在进行中.
- 存在不同的叙述:一个强调人类的长期生存威胁,另一个关注即时的社会问题,如算法偏见.
- 一个关键的辩论是,'存在的风险'叙述是否分散了当今人工智能危险的注意力.
研究的目的:
- 实证地调查有关AI风险叙述的"分心假说".
- 确定是否关注存在的AI风险会使人们的注意力从直接的社会伤害转移.
主要方法:
- 三个预先注册的在线调查实验与10,800名参与者进行.
- 参与者接触到新闻标题,将人工智能风险描述为存在的,直接的社会影响或有益的.
- 量化分析评估了参与者对不同AI风险类型的关注程度的变化.
主要成果:
- 与存在风险相比,受访者对立即的人工智能风险的担忧明显高.
- 暴露于存在的风险叙述扩大了人们对灾难性AI威胁的担忧.
- 存在的风险框架并没有减少,甚至可能加强了对人工智能的直接伤害的担忧.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了经验证据,证明存在的AI风险叙述不会分散注意力,而是与对即时AI伤害的担忧共存.
- 研究结果表明,公众对人工智能风险的看法是微妙的,重点关注当今的社会影响.
- 结果为正在进行的科学和政策讨论提供信息,以有效地管理人工智能的社会影响.
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