患有自闭症谱系障碍的可能性较低和较高的婴儿对说话口的新兴敏感性:一项纵向研究
Masahiro Hata1, Mingdi Xu1, Yoko Hakuno1
1Center for Design of Future Symbiosis, Keio University Global Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
Infant behavior & development
|April 17, 2025
概括
与典型发育的婴儿相比,患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的可能性较高的婴儿对说话的嘴巴表现出延迟的注意力,影响语言发展. 视觉注意力的这种差异可能解释了这些婴儿的词汇增长速度较慢.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 语音和语言病理学 语言病理学
背景情况:
- 婴儿利用多式联络信息,特别是从说话的嘴里获得的信息,以获得语言.
- 早期对口腔的关注与典型发育的婴儿的词汇量增长有关.
- 对于患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的可能性较高的婴儿的早期目光行为和语言发育,研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查6至24个月低患ASD概率 (LL婴儿) 和高患ASD概率 (EL婴儿) 的婴儿对说话口的目光行为之间的差异.
- 探索早期对口腔的视觉注意力与后来的表达词汇大小在两组之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 一项纵向眼睛跟踪研究与6,9,12,18和24个月的LL婴儿和EL婴儿进行.
- 视线行为,特别是花费时间看着一个说话的脸的嘴,被记录下来.
- 表达性词汇量大小在24个月后进行评估.
主要成果:
- 在6到9个月之间,LL婴儿的口腔观察时间显著增加,之后保持稳定.
- EL婴儿表现出口看时间的延迟增加,注意力逐渐增加到24个月.
- 在LL婴儿中发现了口腔表情和表达词汇之间的积极关联,但在EL婴儿中没有.
结论:
- 与LL婴儿相比,EL婴儿在使用视听线索来获取语言方面的发展迟缓.
- 早期对口腔的视觉注意力的差异可能导致在患有自闭症的可能性较高的婴儿中观察到的语言延迟.
- 这些发现突出了在患ASD风险的婴儿中语言发育的潜在早期生物标志物.
更多相关视频
11:14A Novel Experimental and Analytical Approach to the Multimodal Neural Decoding of Intent During Social Interaction in Freely-behaving Human Infants
Published on: October 4, 2015
10.8K
06:15Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
Published on: October 3, 2018
7.6K
相关概念视频
Language Development
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Language and Cognition
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Development of Human Microbiota
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Development of the Oral Microbiota
The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
