一些 (但不是所有的) 实用推理对于自闭症儿童来说很困难
Nicolas Petit1,2, Marie-Maude Geoffray Cassar3,4, Matias Baltazar5,6
1Le Vinatier Psychiatrie Universitaire Lyon Métropole, Lyon, France. npetit.ortho@gmail.com.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
|April 17, 2025
概括
自闭症儿童表现出意想不到的难度与标尺含义,但不是隐喻. 这表明自闭症的务实挑战可能取决于推断和处理需求的类型.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 自闭症通常与务实语言困难有关,特别是比喻等比喻语言.
- 之前关于自闭症中的标量内涵的研究产生了混合的结果,质疑了一般的务实缺陷.
研究的目的:
- 调查自闭症儿童的务实推理能力,使用新的任务对标量暗示和隐喻进行调查.
- 解决先前关于语言需求和任务设计的研究中的方法限制.
主要方法:
- 将自闭症儿童 (N=23) 与神经类型儿童 (N=237) 用平板电脑执行任务进行比较.
- 评估了对标量暗示和隐喻的理解,分析了准确性和响应时间.
主要成果:
- 与神经类型的同龄人相比,自闭症儿童在标量隐性任务上表现更差.
- 自闭症儿童表现出与神经类型儿童相似的隐喻理解能力.
- 在准确性和响应时间测量中,差异一致.
结论:
- 这些发现挑战了自闭症中统一的实用性缺陷的概念.
- 引导与自发实用过程之间的区别可能解释了观察到的模式.
- 这凸显了自闭症个体面临的务实挑战的复杂性.
更多相关视频
10:11Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
Published on: December 14, 2012
18.0K
05:04An Electrophysiology Protocol to Measure Reward Anticipation and Processing in Children
Published on: October 4, 2018
6.9K
相关概念视频
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
34
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
34
01:14Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development
23
The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone,...
23
01:26Modeling in Therapy
28
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
28
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
11
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
11
01:25Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood
41
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
41
01:14Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
560
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
560