奶牛对再次感染H5N1牛流感病毒产生保护性免疫力
Antonio Facciuolo1,2, Lauren Aubrey1,3, Ulises Barron-Castillo1,2
1Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Nature microbiology
|April 17, 2025
概括
高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) H5N1在奶牛中引起乳腺炎. 乳腺内感染产生了保护性免疫力,防止了随后的HPAI H5N1病毒泄露和重新暴露时的临床症状.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 动物卫生 动物健康
背景情况:
- 高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) H5N1 类 2.3.4.4b 乳牛的疫情导致严重的乳腺炎和显著的牛奶生产损失.
- 在HPAI H5N1感染后,牛的保护性免疫的发展仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究在实验性乳腺内感染HPAI H5N1.1后,奶牛的保护性免疫的潜力.
- 描述HPAI H5N1乳腺内接种后的临床过程,病毒分泌和免疫反应.
主要方法:
- 三只正在哺乳中的奶牛接受了HPAI H5N1基因型B3.13.1的乳腺内接种.
- 监测了临床症状,牛奶产量,牛奶中的病毒泄露和组织学变化.
- 随后,在未受影响的季度中,对两头牛进行了挑战,以评估二次感染和免疫力.
主要成果:
- 乳腺内接种导致局部HPAI H5N1分泌和严重的急性瘤性乳腺炎在接种的季度.
- 疫苗注射后的第2至4天之间,病毒的传播达到峰值,到第21天下降.
- 重新感染的奶牛没有出现临床症状或病毒分泌,牛奶中检测到病毒中和抗体.
结论:
- 具有HPAI H5N1的初级乳腺内感染可以诱导奶牛的保护性免疫力.
- 这种免疫力似乎可以防止临床疾病和病毒在随后暴露时流失.
- 这些发现表明,自然感染在牛中对HPAI H5N1产生抗药性方面可能发挥作用.
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