通过遗传选择减少环境影响
D J Weigel1, J Adamchick2, K R Briggs3
1Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, 49007.
Journal of dairy science
|April 18, 2025
概括
使用乳制品健康利 (DWP$) 的奶牛群的基因选择显著减少了环境影响. 改进的遗传优势降低了温室气体排放和便的营养分泌,为更可持续的乳制品行业做出了贡献.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 农业经济学 农业经济学
背景情况:
- 优化遗传选择对于提高奶牛群的健康,生产和环境可持续性至关重要.
- 减少奶牛养殖对环境的影响,是业界和消费者日益关注的问题.
研究的目的:
- 估计遗传进步对乳牛群环境结果的影响.
- 通过遗传选择量化减少温室气体排放和营养分泌量.
主要方法:
- 利用一个全面的,全农场的,基于过程的模型 (动物农场系统),模拟单个动物.
- 分析了11只牛群 (13,317头牛) 的数据,根据乳制品健康利 (DWP$) 将前25%与下25%进行比较.
- 模拟5年间隔的牲畜,以估计生产和环境输出,包括温室气体排放和便营养分泌.
主要成果:
- DWP$每增加1美元,与肠道甲强度下降0.00017公斤CO2e/公斤脂肪和蛋白质校正牛奶 (FPCM) 相关联.
- 平均年DWP$遗传进步 (84) 预计每年每年的替代母牛将使肠道甲强度降低2.5%.
- 农场总足迹和便和分泌强度的降低同样被观察到,同时增加了DWP$.
结论:
- 使用DWP$改进的遗传选择明显减少了奶牛群的环境足迹.
- 将DWP$与良好的管理实践相结合,为提高奶牛场可持续性提供了一个可行的策略.
- 遗传进步在减轻与乳制品生产相关的环境影响方面发挥着重要作用.
更多相关视频
09:09Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
Published on: August 8, 2017
7.3K
09:43Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits
Published on: January 3, 2025
2.1K
相关概念视频
Limits to Natural Selection
30.8K
Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
30.8K
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
57.5K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
57.5K
Genetic Screens
4.8K
Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
4.8K
Gene-Environment Interactions
214
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
214
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.4K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.4K
What is Natural Selection?
113.6K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
113.6K
