与癌症患者中中风死亡率相关的时间趋势和风险因素
Yaman B Ahmed1, Amy Shi Nan Feng2, Mohammad Alrawashdeh3
1Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Division of Neuroscience Critical Care, Departments of Neurosurgery, Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
概括
癌症患者中风死亡风险已经下降,但对于年轻人和未接受治疗的人来说仍然很高. 高龄,非白人种族以及神经系统,呼吸道和头部等特定癌症增加SD风险.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 与普通人群相比,癌症患者面临中风死亡 (SD) 的风险增加.
- 了解SD率和风险因素对于改善癌症患者的治疗结果至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在一大群癌症患者中调查中风死亡的风险和发病率.
- 确定与癌症幸存者中SD风险增加相关的人口和临床因素.
主要方法:
- 从国家癌症研究所的监测,流行病学和最终结果 (SEER) 登记处 (2000-2020) 追溯分析了5,922,533名患者.
- 计算标准化死亡率 (SMR) 和SD的发病率,并进行年度百分比变化 (APC) 分析.
- 用多变量考克斯比例危险模型来确定SD的危险因素.
主要成果:
- 包括超过590万名癌症患者,56686名 (2.0%) 的死亡归因于中风.
- 年轻患者 (≤39岁) 和没有接受癌症治疗的患者对SD的SMR最高.
- 增加SD风险与年龄较大,男性性别,非白人种族和特定癌症类型 (神经系统,呼吸道,头) 相关.
- 化疗和放射治疗与SD的风险降低有关.
结论:
- 随着时间的推移,所有人口统计和癌症类型的中风死亡率都在下降.
- 癌症患者中SD的重大风险因素包括年龄较大,非白人种族,以及神经系统,呼吸道或头癌的诊断.
- 需要有针对性的干预措施和持续的研究,以减轻脆弱的癌症患者群体中SD风险.
相关概念视频
01:21Cancer Survival Analysis
311
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
311
01:19Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
19
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
19
02:59Cancer Prevention
6.0K
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
6.0K
02:53Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells
5.6K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
5.6K
02:43Mouse Models of Cancer Study
5.5K
Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
5.5K
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
3.7K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.7K