撒哈拉以南非洲的城市疟疾:流行病学研究的范围审查
Hailu Merga1,2,3, Teshome Degefa4,5, Zewdie Birhanu6
1Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. hailu.merga2014@gmail.com.
Malaria journal
|April 19, 2025
概括
城市疟疾在撒哈拉以南非洲普遍存在,城市化和环境变化等因素推动了其传播. 需要全面的控制策略来应对这种日益严重的公共卫生挑战.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 城市化研究 城市化研究
背景情况:
- 撒哈拉以南非洲的城市疟疾控制受到无计划的城市化和侵入性蚊子Anopheles stephensi的挑战.
- 由于环境变化和人口增长,城市化正在改变疟疾传播动态,预计未来城市人口将大幅增加.
- 本范围审查审查审查了撒哈拉以南非洲城市疟疾的流行病学,以确定研究缺口并为控制策略提供信息.
研究的目的:
- 绘制整个撒哈拉以南非洲城市疟疾流行病学的地图.
- 在城市疟疾研究中发现研究缺口.
- 为城市疟疾有效控制和消除战略的制定提供指导.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Medline EBSCO,Google Scholar,Science Direct,Cochrane Library) 和灰色文献来源中进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 资格标准侧重于2014年以后发表的同行评审和灰色文献,涉及撒哈拉以南非洲城市疟疾流行,发病率或风险因素.
- 在证据选择,数据提取和报告方面遵循了Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) 的指导方针.
主要成果:
- 在2459个确定的记录中,包括32篇文章,主要是撒哈拉以南非洲城市的社区研究.
- 疟疾患病率因诊断,研究设计和环境因素的差异而有很大差异 (0.06%58%);大多数研究报告了10%30%的患病率.
- 确定的主要风险因素包括社会经济地位,旅行史,先前感染,接近水,植被,温度,湿度,牲畜和用杀虫剂处理的网 (ITN) 使用.
结论:
- 城市疟疾感染在撒哈拉以南非洲非常普遍,区域差异很大.
- 社会人口统计学,社会经济学,旅行史,ITN使用,先前感染以及环境因素 (水的接近,植被,气候,牲畜) 都与城市疟疾有关.
- 综合环境管理,改善诊断/治疗,社会经济干预和城市规划的多方面的方法对于城市疟疾控制至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:26Introduction to Epidemiology
Epidemiology, known as the cornerstone of public health, involves studying the distribution and determinants of health-related events in defined populations and applying these insights to control health issues. This is essential for understanding how diseases spread, identifying populations at greater risk, and implementing measures to control or prevent outbreaks. Epidemiology addresses not only infectious diseases but also non-communicable conditions like cancer and cardiovascular disease,...
01:26Principles of Disease Surveillance
Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
01:29Malaria
Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
01:28Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...