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相关概念视频

Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
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The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 10, 2025

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
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对基于价值的多属性选择流程的自省性访问.

Adam Morris1, Ryan W Carlson2, Hedy Kober3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. am9578@princeton.edu.

Nature communications
|April 19, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

人们可以准确地报告他们对复杂选择的决策过程. 这项研究表明,个人往往理解他们如何做出基于价值的,多属性的决策,挑战了我们对自己头脑无意识的想法.

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.

背景情况:

  • 个人经常做出涉及多个属性的选择.
  • 了解决策过程中潜在的心理过程的意识至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 量化对基于价值的多属性选择过程的认识.
  • 评估自我报告的决策策略的准确性.

主要方法:

  • 开发一种新的方法来量化选择意识.
  • 使用计算建模来从选择中识别决策过程.
  • 将计算模型与参与者自我报告的决策策略进行比较.

主要成果:

  • 观察到对选择过程的准确性有显著的个体差异.
  • 参与者在自我报告他们的决策过程中表现出比决策科学家预测的更高的准确性.
  • 自我报告的准确性超过了知情的第三方观察员的准确性.

结论:

  • 证据支持基于价值的多属性决策中的内省.
  • 这些发现挑战了人们对自己认知过程无意识的观念.
  • 人们往往对如何做出基于价值的选择有准确的了解.