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埃及肺外结核的发病率和决定因素:一项回顾性队列研究
Wagdy Amin1, Rasha Ashmawy2,3, Sarah Assem Ibrahim4
1General Administration of Chest Diseases, MoHP, Cairo, Egypt.
Scientific reports
|April 20, 2025
概括
肺外结核 (EPTB) 影响了埃及近一半的结核病患者,其中五岁以下的儿童和女性最容易受到影响. 了解EPTB预测因子对于共同感染人群的有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 仍然是一个全球卫生挑战,肺外结核病 (EPTB) 的发病率正在上升.
- 对于EPTB存在有限的流行病学和临床数据,特别是在人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 或型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 同时感染的个体中.
- 埃及面临着巨大的结核病负担,需要对EPTB模式有更深入的了解.
研究的目的:
- 确定埃及结核病患者中EPTB的发病率和预测因子.
- 调查EPTB与HIV/HCV联合感染之间的关联.
- 为结核病管理制定有针对性的公共卫生战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在2023年1月1日至12月31日期间,埃及胸部医院接受治疗的7245名结核病患者进行了回顾性队列研究.
- 患者被分为肺结核 (PTB) 和EPTB组.
- 使用多层逻辑回归分析来确定与EPTB相关的风险因素和并发症,包括HIV和HCV状态.
主要成果:
- 在研究的结核病患者中,42.5%的人被诊断出EPTB.
- 预测EPTB的关键预测因素包括年龄较小 (5岁以下的儿童),女性性别和城市居住.
- 艾滋病毒阳性状态显示出对EPTB的保护作用 (OR=0.46). 最常见的EPTB部位是淋巴结 (27.10%) 和腔/溢液 (24.60%).
结论:
- 在埃及,EPTB占结核病例的很大一部分,不成比例地影响着幼儿和女性.
- 虽然在这个EPTB队列中,HIV/HCV联合感染率很低,但需要对未被诊断的病例进行进一步的调查.
- 调查结果强调了针对结核病患者,特别是那些潜在的共同感染患者,需要量身定制的干预措施和综合护理模式.
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