产妇护理实践及其在美国母乳养差异中的作用
Luis Seoane Estruel1,2, Tatiana Andreyeva1,2
1Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
概括
改善医院产妇护理显著提高了母乳养开始率,特别是在黑人和美洲原住民母亲身上. 优质护理是减少母乳养差异的关键.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 孕产妇和儿童的健康
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 母乳养为婴儿和母亲提供了显著的健康优势,但美国的启动率不够理想.
- 现有的母乳养率差异受到结构性,社会和政策因素的影响.
- 医院产妇护理实践是哺乳开始的关键,但尚未研究的决定性因素.
研究的目的:
- 检查美国医院产妇护理质量对母乳养开始的影响.
- 评估这些影响如何在不同种族/族裔和地理人口群体之间有所不同.
- 通过改善产妇护理,确定减少母乳养差异的潜在策略.
主要方法:
- 对2017-2022年县级横截面数据的分析.
- 利用了国家生命统计系统和婴儿营养和护理 (mPINC) 调查中的产妇实践数据.
- 采用线性概率模型来评估产妇护理质量得分与开始母乳养之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 较高的县级mPINC得分与增加的母乳养开始有显著的相关性 (每点增加0.10个pp,p<0.001).
- 与非西班牙裔白人母亲相比,非西班牙裔黑人母亲 (0.25个百分点) 和非西班牙裔美国印第安人/阿拉斯加土著母亲 (0.14个百分点) 的积极关联明显更强.
- 更好的产妇护理实践在非大都会地区 (0.17个百分点的增长) 与大都会地区 (0.08个百分点的增长) 相比,显示出更大的影响.
结论:
- 更高质量的医院产妇护理与增加的母乳养率有关.
- 孕产妇护理实践的改进对具有历史较低母乳养率的人群产生了不成比例的积极影响.
- 加强医院产妇护理政策和实践是一个可行的策略,以减轻长期存在的母乳养差异.
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