全年覆盖的变种群分布形状与捕捞环极海鸟的渔业重叠
Kalinka Rexer-Huber1,2, Thomas A Clay3,4, Paulo Catry5
1Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.
概括
渔业的副捕获对海洋动物构成重大威胁. 这项研究绘制了白鱼 (Procellaria aequinoctialis) 副捕获热点的地图,揭示了管理的关键重叠区域.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态和海洋保护
- 渔业 科学 渔业 科学
- 鸟类生物学 鸟类生物学
背景情况:
- 渔业的副捕获对全球的迁徙海洋巨型动物群体构成重大威胁.
- 了解特定种群对附带捕捞的暴露对于有效的保护和确定负责任的管理机构至关重要.
- 白 (Procellaria aequinoctialis) 是南半球被捕获最多的海鸟,需要进行详细的影响评估.
研究的目的:
- 为了绘制全球分布和渔业重叠热点的白大,考虑到他们的整个全球繁殖人口.
- 评估不同的种群和基因上不同的群体 (转型群体) 间的副捕获暴露如何变化.
- 确定负责附捕的特定渔业和管理机构,并推有针对性的减缓战略.
主要方法:
- 结合了132只白鱼 (2006-2018年) 的广泛生物数据,以及全球鱼类和海底长绳和拖网渔业努力数据.
- 追踪了7个种群的全年运动,占全球繁殖人口的98%以上.
- 分析了海鸟流动和渔业活动之间的空间重叠,以确定热点和负责的舰队/地区.
主要成果:
- 食区在非繁殖季节更为集中,所有种群的鸟类都利用大陆架或上游区,但超群之间的空间重叠较低.
- 渔业重叠在各类人口之间有很大差异,支持将它们视为独立的管理单位.
- 在南非和公海的印度洋种群中,与海底长渔业有很高的重叠,涉及来自南非,日本,台湾和西班牙的船队. 海底长绳和拖网渔业与南非,纳米比亚和阿根廷的专属经济区内的印度洋和大西洋种群以及公海中的韩国船队的重叠最大.
结论:
- 管理机构必须将白大群视为单独的单位,因为不同的渔业重叠.
- 特定的高风险渔业和地理区域,包括公海和缺乏区域渔业管理组织 (RFMO) 覆盖的区域,需要紧急关注.
- 建议包括有针对性的辅捕监测,强制性的减缓措施,以及对确定为高优先级渔业的合规监测,以保护白和其他受威胁的海鸟.
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