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作为应对气候变暖的反应,北极社区的热同质化
Jussi Mäkinen1,2, Emilie E Ellis1, Laura H Antão1,3
1Research Center for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
概括
气候变暖正在改变物种组成,有利于温暖的相关物种. 随着寒冷相关物种的减少和温暖相关物种的增加,社区的热量多样性越来越少,生态反应的滞后.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
- 社区生态学 社区生态学
背景情况:
- 全球气温上升正在改变物种分布,有利于温暖的相关物种.
- 社区温度指数 (CTI) 是跟踪这些变化的常用指标,但不捕捉热多样性或利基范围的变化.
- 了解社区变暖的驱动因素对于预测生态系统对气候变化的反应至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查芬兰动植物中温度亲和关系的主导地位和多样性的多十年变化.
- 要区分平均温度亲和度 (CTI) 和热多样性的变化.
- 为了确定推动社区热重组的过程,跨越各种类型.
主要方法:
- 对芬兰的底层森林植物,淡水植物浮游生物,蝶,和鸟类的多十年数据的分析.
- 检查社区温度指数 (CTI) 的变化和物种温度亲和关系的多样性.
- 评估热学专家与一般医生的统治地位的变化.
主要成果:
- 在所有动物群体中都增加了CTI,但在植物或植物浮游生物中没有.
- 在大多数群体中,热量多样性下降,特别是在变暖速度更快的社区中,这是由于寒冷和温暖相关物种 (蝶除外) 的损失造成的.
- 动物群体的冷附属物种减少,热附属物种增加;植物和植物浮游生物失去了两者.
- 植物和社区由专家主导,而鸟类社区则偏爱通用主义者.
- 气候变暖超过了社区热亲关系的重组,物种周转率落后于温度变化.
结论:
- 社区变暖是复杂的,不仅涉及平均温度亲和度的变化,还涉及热多样性的变化.
- 物种交换 (寒冷的灭绝,温暖的殖民) 落后于环境温度变化.
- 减少的热多样性和滞后的物种反应对加快气候变化下的社区结构和生态系统功能产生了重大影响.
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