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人工智能对糖尿病预测的进步:从系统文献审查的见解
Pir Bakhsh Khokhar1, Carmine Gravino1, Fabio Palomba1
1Department of Informatics, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy.
Artificial intelligence in medicine
|April 21, 2025
概括
机器学习 (ML) 通过使用各种数据集和算法有效预测糖尿病. 可解释性AI (XAI) 增强了临床相关性,改善了患者护理,减少了疾病负担.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
背景情况:
- 糖尿病是一种全球性健康挑战,需要先进的管理策略.
- 机器学习 (ML) 为早期糖尿病预测和干预提供了新的方法.
- 现有的研究表明,ML用于糖尿病预测的各种应用,需要进行全面的审查.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查在糖尿病预测中的机器学习应用.
- 分析用于糖尿病ML的数据集,算法,训练方法和评估指标.
- 探索可解释AI (XAI) 在提高糖尿病预测模型临床可解释性方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 对糖尿病预测ML的53篇文章的系统文献综述.
- 对各种数据集 (如NHANES,PIDD) 和ML算法 (如CNN,SVM,XGBoost) 的分析.
- 评估可解释的AI (XAI) 技术 (例如,Grad-CAM,SHAP,LIME) 和模型评估指标.
主要成果:
- 机器学习模型在各种数据集的糖尿病预测中显示出显著的实用性.
- 阶级不平衡和数据异质性在糖尿病预测数据集中带来了挑战.
- 可解释AI (XAI) 方法提高了糖尿病风险评估的模型透明度和临床相关性.
结论:
- 机器学习,特别是可解释的AI,对于推进糖尿病预测和管理至关重要.
- 跨学科合作和道德考虑对于实施基于ML的医疗保健解决方案至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该专注于提高诊断准确性和临床相关性,以减少全球糖尿病负担.
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