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繁殖进步是改善区域玉米水生产率的主要贡献者

Jose L Rotundo¹, Chris Zinselmeier¹, Nick Hoffman¹

¹Corteva Agriscience, 8305 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50,131, USA.

Scientific reports

|April 21, 2025

概括

植物育种显著提高了玉米的水生产率,增加了每单位水的谷物产量. 农业用水生产率的提高对于可持续的作物生产和满足全球粮食需求至关重要.

科学领域:

农业学是一种农业学.
植物遗传学植物遗传学
植物生理学作物生理学

背景情况:

农业水生产率是可持续作物生产的关键指标.
玉米 (玉米) 产量有了显著的增长,但育种对水生产力的影响是不太了解的.
自1950年以来,美国玉米带的雨水玉米产量增加了三倍,而稳定的水投入.

研究的目的:

量化植物育种对提高玉米农业水生产率的贡献.
确定雨水玉米系统中提高用水效率的遗传成分.
评估遗传收益在生物质和收获指数中的作用.

主要方法:

分析了自1934年以来发布的61种历史玉米基因型.
在9年内进行了28次实验,以分离遗传效应.
谷物产量,生物质,收获指数和水产生产率的计算变化 (千公-1毫米-1年-1).

主要成果:

玉米水生产率增加了0.191公斤-1毫米-1年-1 (4.2%年-1).
基因改进贡献了1.9%的年−1,占总收益的45%.
水产生产率的提高是由于生物质生产的增加和收获指数的改善造成的.

结论:

植物育种是提高雨水玉米水生产率的主要驱动因素.
基因进步减少了农业对额外淡水的需求.
这项研究突出了育种在可持续强化粮食生产方面的潜力.

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