糖尿病前期和糖尿病的成年人中超加工食品的消费,2001-2018年
Zijing Guo1,2, Amelia S Wallace1,2, Mary R Rooney1,2
1Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism
|April 22, 2025
概括
从2001年到2018年,超加工食品的消费量在患有糖尿病前期和糖尿病的成年人中显著增加. 有针对性的干预措施对于制这种趋势和改善这些人群的健康结果至关重要.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
背景情况:
- 美国糖尿病协会建议在糖尿病前期或糖尿病患者中减少超加工食品 (UPF) 的摄入量.
- 在这些人群中,UPF与血糖进展和临床并发症的风险增加有关.
- 了解消费趋势对于制定有效的公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述美国成年糖尿病前期和糖尿病患者中超加工食品消费的趋势.
- 通过使用全国代表性数据,分析UPF摄入量随时间的变化.
- 确定与这些群体中高UPF消费相关的人口因素.
主要方法:
- 来自2001-2018年国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 的20岁以上的成年人的连续横截面分析.
- 以HbA1c定义的前糖尿病为5.7%-<6.5% (没有糖尿病诊断);以HbA1c ≥6.5%或自我报告的诊断定义的糖尿病.
- 使用Nova食品分类系统估计的超加工食品消费占总千卡路里的百分比;通过线性回归评估时间趋势.
主要成果:
- 在2001-2002年至2017-2018年期间,超加工食品的消费量在糖尿病前期 (53.8%至57.3%卡路里) 和糖尿病 (51.9%至56.6%卡路里) 两组显著增加.
- 在这两组中,成人消耗≥75%的卡路里来自UPF的比例也大幅增加.
- 较年轻的成年人 (<45岁) 和没有大学学位的人群是UPF消费量最高的.
结论:
- 在糖尿病前期和糖尿病的成年人中观察到超加工食品消费的显著增加.
- 迫切需要患者教育,营养干预和全国性的政策.
- 减少UPF摄入量对于减轻这些脆弱人群的血糖进展和临床并发症至关重要.
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