信任是一个零和游戏吗? 当机构消息来源误解时会发生什么?
Andrew J Dawson1, Ash Bista1, Anne E Wilson1
1Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada.
PloS one
|April 22, 2025
概括
当媒体来源犯错误时,对该特定来源的信任就会下降,而不是有利于竞争对手. 然而,严重的不信任可能会在整个媒体领域普遍存在,特别是如果消息来源被政治化.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 媒体研究 媒体研究
- 通信科学 通信科学
背景情况:
- 对主流机构的信任下降与对替代媒体和阴谋论的依赖增加有关.
- 有限的研究存在于多个信息来源的信任动态.
- 在当前的媒体环境中,了解信任如何在对错误的反应中发生转变至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在发生错误时,调查各种媒体来源的信任动态.
- 测试四种不同的信任动态模型:独立判断,零和竞争,普遍不信任和政治化效应.
- 检查对食品法规和COVID-19预防情境中的错误的反应.
主要方法:
- 进行了三项实验性研究,共有2,951名参与者.
- 被检查的参与者对一个严重错误的来源的反应.
- 分析了对错误来源,竞争对手和更广泛的媒体环境的信任水平.
主要成果:
- 对犯错误的特定来源的信任下降,不管它是主流,反主流还是中立的.
- 当一个来源错误时,对竞争来源的信任并没有增加,这挑战了零和竞争模式.
- 错误有时会导致所有来源的信任普遍丧失,这表明媒体格局的整体评估.
- 对某个来源的政治化与对该来源的信任下降和对竞争对手的信任增加有关.
结论:
- 对个别媒体来源的信任可能会被独立地判断,但错误也会引发对媒体更广泛的不信任.
- 信息来源的政治化显著影响信任和竞争对手的偏好.
- 调查结果表明,来源特定评估,普遍的媒体不信任和信息提供者的政治倾向之间存在复杂的相互作用.
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