执行功能和相关的大脑体积在儿童的持续缩和追赶增长的增长
Beena Koshy1, Vedha Viyas Thilagarajan2,3, Roshan S Livingstone4
1Developmental Paediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India. beenakurien@cmcvellore.ac.in.
Scientific reports
|April 22, 2025
概括
患有持续早期发育迟缓的儿童表现出执行功能受损 (EF) 和关键区域大脑体积减少. 早期的营养和培养干预对认知发展和未来潜力至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 幼儿期发展迟缓与长期的认知缺陷有关,影响学术和经济成果.
- 执行功能 (EF) 对认知控制至关重要,并且经常受到早期生活逆境的影响.
- 了解与衰退相关的EF缺陷的神经生物学基础对于有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查9岁儿童早期持续发育不良和执行功能表现之间的关联.
- 探索神经影像相关物,特别是大脑体积差异,与儿童的衰减和EF相关.
- 为了确定停滞的持续时间和EF赤字之间是否存在剂量反应关系.
主要方法:
- 印度维洛尔的一项出生队列研究,跟踪儿童从出生到9岁,评估人类学和认知发育.
- 根据发育迟缓的情况,儿童被分为两组:从未发育迟缓 (NS) 和始终发育迟缓 (AS).
- 在9岁时,EF使用FAS语音流性测试和色彩试验测试 (CTT) 进行评估;使用3T MRI进行神经成像.
主要成果:
- 与从未缩 (NS) 的儿童相比,一直缩 (AS) 的儿童在FAS语音流利性测试中得分明显较低.
- 在色彩试验测试 (CTT) 中,AS组的表现较差,特别是在"近乎失误"中,这表明抑制控制受损.
- 神经成像显示,与AS儿童相比,NS患者的右尾状回环和左侧尾皮质的体积显著增加. 在AS儿童中,左侧三角形体积减少了. 在基底和小脑体积方面也观察到显著的差异.
结论:
- 持续的早期儿童发育迟缓与执行功能的显著缺陷有关,包括口语流和抑制控制.
- 这些功能缺陷与对认知处理至关重要的大脑区域的特定体积变化相关,例如皮和基底.
- 这些发现强调了早期营养和培养干预措施的关键重要性,以减轻衰老的长期认知和发育后果,从而增强人力资本.
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