发育障碍的成年人仍然存在健康差异:NHIS洞察,1999-2018年
Kiley J McLean1, Jamie Koenig2,3, Samara Wolpe4
1A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market Street, Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3734, United States.
Health affairs scholar
|April 23, 2025
概括
智力和发育障碍 (I/DD) 的成年人经历自我报告的健康状况较差,尽管医疗保健获得改善,但贫困持续存在. 这凸显了持续存在的差异,以及对这一群体改善护理质量的需要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 关于残疾人的研究.
背景情况:
- 自我报告的健康状况和智力和发育障碍 (I/DD) 的成年人获得医疗保健需要持续评估.
- 了解长期趋势对于识别持续存在的差异和为政策提供信息至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 从1999年到2018年,分析美国成年人与I/DD之间的自我报告健康和医疗保健状况的变化.
- 为了比较两十年来跨越残疾人群体的健康结果,获取,负担能力和利用情况.
主要方法:
- 从国家健康访谈调查 (1999-2018) 中对601,464名成年人的横截面分析.
- 根据残疾状况分类:没有功能限制,发育障碍,智力障碍和其他功能限制.
- 对自我报告的健康状况,医疗保健获取,负担能力和利用情况的趋势分析.
主要成果:
- 智力障碍的成年人持续报告健康状况较差,特别是在2014-2018年.
- 在2009-2013年,发育障碍的成年人表现出健康状况不佳的几率增加.
- 对于患有I/DD的成年人来说,贫困率仍然较高,趋势没有显著改善.
结论:
- 尽管医疗保健取得了进展,但I/DD成年人的自我报告的健康结果并没有得到改善.
- 持续存在的健康和社会经济地位差异需要政策干预.
- 未来的研究应该集中在有效的医疗保健实践和I/DD人群的提供者培训上.
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