突破性感染后对Omicron反应性记忆B细胞的有效增强可以防止重复暴露
Qingfei Chu1,2, Kang Li2,3, Qianxin He1,2
1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
iScience
|April 23, 2025
概括
记忆B细胞 (MBCs) 提供对SARS-CoV-2变种的持久免疫力,即使抗体水平下降. 以前存在的Omicron特异性MBC有效地预防了再感染,突出显示了它们对未来疫苗开发的重要性.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 持续的SARS-CoV-2突变和免疫力减弱对突破性感染 (BTI) 的有效控制构成挑战.
- 了解抗原特异性记忆B细胞 (MBCs) 在应对不断演变的SARS-CoV-2变体中的作用,对于长期免疫是至关重要的.
- 欧米克朗变异BTI对MBC和免疫多样性的影响需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究SARS-CoV-2 Omicron突破性感染后的MBCs的动态.
- 评估先前接种疫苗和感染史对MBC对新变种反应的影响.
- 确定关键的免疫路径和与强大的MBC反应相关的遗传因素.
主要方法:
- 长度跟踪107名参与者,他们接种了祖先的失活疫苗,并经历了Omicron BTI.
- 使用SARS-CoV-2抗原探针进行多参数流细胞计.
- 单细胞RNA测序和B细胞受体 (BCR) 分析.
- 差异基因表达和克隆系谱分析.
主要成果:
- 中和抗体标位随着时间的推移而下降,但特定的MBC数量保持稳定,并显示逐渐成熟.
- 预先存在的Omicron特异性MBC对于预防二次Omicron感染至关重要.
- 基因分析揭示了抗原处理和免疫调节途径的丰富.
- 高的中和能力与增加的B细胞扩张和特定的V(D) J基因重组相关.
结论:
- 记忆B细胞对于持久的SARS-CoV-2免疫力至关重要,可以提供对变种再感染的保护.
- 在应对不断变化的病毒威胁时,MBC表现出适应性和成熟性.
- 研究结果支持开发疫苗接种策略,以增强和扩大MBC对持续保护的反应.
相关概念视频
Immunological Memory
412
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
412
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
625
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
625
Vaccinations
43.0K
Overview
43.0K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
464
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
464
Humoral Immune Responses
69.9K
Overview
69.9K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
1.2K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
1.2K


