在美国,慢性病和免疫受损患者中的流感负担
Prajakta Bhounsule1, Keith Boundy1, Susan Mehle2
1Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Current medical research and opinion
|April 23, 2025
概括
与未接种疫苗的人相比,接种疫苗的免疫功能受损的成年人患流感样疾病 (ILI) 的比例相似. 特定的慢性疾病,如COPD和类风湿性关节炎,在接种疫苗的人群中增加了ILI风险.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 类似流感的疾病 (ILI) 对免疫功能低下的人和患有慢性健康状况的人构成重大风险.
- 疫苗接种是一种主要的预防措施,但其在高风险群体中的有效性需要持续评估.
研究的目的:
- 评估2017-2018年流感季节在接种疫苗的成年人与未接种疫苗的免疫受损者以及患有高风险慢性疾病的人群中,ILI的发生率.
- 为了确定与接种疫苗的个体中ILI风险增加相关的特定慢性疾病.
主要方法:
- 这是一项回顾性队列研究,利用Veradigm网络的链接电子健康记录 (EHR) 和索赔数据.
- 在2017年8月至2018年5月期间,根据流感疫苗接种状态分层识别成年患者 (≥18岁) 的连续招募情况 (接种疫苗或没有疫苗接种证据 (NEoV)).
- 根据先前的诊断和治疗方法,将患者分类为免疫受损或患有高风险慢性疾病.
主要成果:
- 该研究分析了超过270万接种疫苗的人和770万NEOV人.
- 在接种疫苗 (2.5%) 和NEOV (2.7%) 队列中,整体LI发病率与接种疫苗 (2.5%) 和NEOV (2.7%) 队列相似.
- 在接种疫苗的小组中,免疫功能低下的人有3.1%的ILI率,而患有慢性疾病的人有3.0%的ILI率.
- 慢性阻塞性肺病,类风湿性关节炎和末期病显著与接种疫苗的患者中较高的ILI几率有关.
结论:
- 调查结果表明,虽然接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的高风险群体之间的整体LI率相似,但特定的慢性疾病仍然是强大的风险因素.
- 持续需要先进的预防策略,以减轻免疫功能低下和慢性病患者群体的ILI发病率和严重程度.
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