森林分裂对植物及其昆虫食草动物和真菌病原体之间的相互作用的影响
Ashwin Viswanathan1,2, Robert Bagchi3, Jaboury Ghazoul1
1Chair of Ecosystem Management, ITES, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
概括
森林碎片化影响了调节植物多样性的自然敌人. 杀生物剂实验显示,由于密度依赖的效应,幼苗的存活率降低,特别是来自较大的碎片中的真菌.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 森林生态 森林生态
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 詹森-康奈尔假设认为,自然敌人通过对种子和幼苗的密度依赖作用来调节植物多样性.
- 人类造成的息地碎片化可能会改变昆虫和真菌群落,可能会破坏这些监管机制.
研究的目的:
- 研究森林碎片化如何影响自然敌人 (真菌和昆虫) 维持植物多样性的能力.
- 评估密度依赖的自然敌人影响在碎片化雨林生态系统中的作用.
主要方法:
- 实地实验是在印度西部高原地区的21个雨林片段进行的.
- 生物杀虫剂 (杀菌剂和杀虫剂) 用于抑制自然敌人,并监测自然分散的树苗存活率的变化.
- 种子存活率与同类种子密度和碎片大小相关分析.
主要成果:
- 种子存活率随着同类种子密度的增加而下降,这表明密度依赖的调节.
- 杀菌剂的应用减少了这种密度依赖的效应,特别是在较大的森林片段.
- 杀虫剂增加了幼苗的存活率,但这种效果不受碎片面积或同种密度的影响.
- 丰富的物种Syzygium rubicundum在很大程度上驱动了观察到的密度依赖和杀真菌效应.
结论:
- 森林碎片化可能会改变生物相互作用,例如那些涉及自然敌人的生物相互作用,这调节了植物多样性.
- 碎片化通过自然敌对对植物多样性的影响可能是特定于物种的,并可能局限于少数主导物种.
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