追溯意大利化葡萄藤的出现
Mariano Ucchesu1, Sarah Ivorra1, Vincent Bonhomme1
1ISEM, University of Montpellier-CNRS-IRD-EPHE, Montpellier, France.
PloS one
|April 23, 2025
概括
考古葡萄皮揭示了意大利葡萄藤化的7000年历史. 到青铜时代晚期,种植习惯和选择国内葡萄已经得到了明确的确立,从而在中世纪时代广泛种植.
科学领域:
- 考古植物学 考古植物学
- 古遗传学 古遗传学
- 农业历史 农业历史
背景情况:
- 葡萄藤 (Vitis vinifera L.) 的化是一个复杂的过程,有着悠久的历史.
- 了解栽培葡萄的时间表和遗传起源对于农业和历史研究至关重要.
- 考古证据,特别是葡萄皮,提供了对过去葡萄种植的直接见解.
研究的目的:
- 分析意大利7000多年来葡萄藤化的演变.
- 使用形态学数据区分野生和家用葡萄种类.
- 追踪与化综合征相关的葡萄粒的表型变化.
主要方法:
- 从25个意大利遗址 (新石器时代到中世纪) 分析了1,768个被水淹没的考古葡萄粒.
- 几何形态测量和线性分辨分析,以比较考古学石头与现代参考收藏.
- 葡萄管长度和形状的评估随着时间的推移而变化,以确定养特征.
主要成果:
- 在早期新石器或早期青铜时代,没有发现有形态化的葡萄.
- 过渡到主要是国内葡萄的种子发生在青铜时代晚期 (大约. 公元前1300年至公元前1100年).
- 罗马和中世纪时期显示,国内葡萄的葡萄粒广泛传播,有证据表明内进和新品种的发展.
结论:
- 意大利的葡萄酒种植表明,在数千年间,葡萄酒从野生种类逐渐转变为国产种类.
- 国内葡萄的种植和选择的最终建立发生在青铜时代晚期.
- 内进在罗马时期在新葡萄品种的形成中发挥了作用,在中世纪时代导致了现代的国内品种.
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