语义启动支持婴儿学习未见物体名称的能力
Elena Luchkina1, Sandra Waxman2,3
1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States Of America.
PloS one
|April 23, 2025
概括
婴儿在12个月到15个月之间就有能力在没有看到对象的情况下在脑海中表现出新单词. 这使他们能够在以后识别对象,并显示出高级的语言学习能力.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 人类语言允许抽象的思想和学习超越直接经验.
- 了解什么时候以及如何在婴儿身上出现抽象表达的能力,对于发育研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查婴儿是否可以在没有可见引用的情况下形成一个新名词意义的心理表现.
- 为了确定这个表示是否可以指导对象在物体变得可用时的参考识别.
- 确定这种代表性能力发展的年龄.
主要方法:
- 134名婴儿 (67名12个月大,67名15个月大) 接受了新名词和特定语义类别的对象的训练.
- 婴儿再次听到新名词,有两个物体:一个来自训练类别的物体,一个不相关的物体.
- 婴儿对符合类别的物体的偏好被测量为成功标识参考物体的指标.
主要成果:
- 15个月大的婴儿成功地识别了小说名词的引用者.
- 12个月大的婴儿没有表现出这种能力,即使经过了长时间的词汇训练.
- 这表明12个月大的孩子可能缺乏足够丰富的精神表现,以获得新的名词.
结论:
- 形成新名词意义的抽象表征的能力在12至15个月之间出现.
- 这一发展里程碑对于参考者识别和早期词汇获取至关重要.
- 研究结果强调了在生命的第二年发生的显著的认知和语言飞跃.
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